Program Details

Bob Sulentic has been President & CEO of CBRE Group since 2012. CBRE is the world’s largest commercial real estate services and investment firm, with 2017 revenues of $14.2 billion and more than 80,000 employees (excluding affiliate offices) serving clients in more than 100 countries. Prior to becoming CEO, Bob served as President of CBRE, with responsibility for all business segments. In addition, he served as the company's CFO in 2009, during the depth of the global financial crisis. Earlier, Bob served as Group President for CBRE’s EMEA, Asia Pacific, and Development Services businesses.

Founder of Realcomm Conference Group, an education organization that produces Realcomm, IBcon and CoRE Tech, the world's leading conferences on technology, automated business solutions, intelligent buildings and energy efficiency for the commercial and corporate real estate industry. As CEO, Jim interacts with some of the largest companies globally pertaining to some of the most advanced and progressive next generation real estate projects under development.

Damien Laigre is IOT/Smart Building Principal at Capgemini. Damien brings a 15 years+ of engineering and IT professional services expertise around workspace and digital transformation. Damien is a subject matter expert in bridging the gap between the IT world and Real Estates solutions, focusing on innovation and technologies addressing new enterprise workforce needs and workplace capabilities.

Clint Osteen is Sr. Director of IT and is responsible for directing Granite’s information services and telecommunications across the portfolio. Prior to joining Granite, Clint spent 10 years in consulting, providing commercial real estate companies technology and business improvement services.

Ilan Zachar is currently Chief Technology Officer at Carr Properties, a privately held REIT known for its portfolio of trophy-quality properties in the Washington D.C. In this role, Ilan leverages vision and foresight to cross-pollinate best practices, processes, systems and resources across corporate operations/affiliates. Under his leadership, this has resulted in improvements in bottom-line costs, top-line business growth/scalability, operational sustainability and high performance and overall, strengthening his company’s role as a market leader. For over 20 years, Ilan has been executive business leader and innovative technology strategist for multinational real-estate and property development companies worldwide.

Brennan McReynolds is passionate about how technology can enhance and inform workplace experience. He is the Global Product & Technology lead for Host, a proprietary service offering for corporate occupiers and institutional property investors designed to meet the rapidly growing demand for enhanced employee experience in the workplace. Led by people and enabled by technology, Host allows both occupiers and investors to manage workplace needs through intelligent, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven experiences.

Alan Ni is the Director of Vertical Marketing for Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company. With over 15 years of technology and financial expertise with mobile computing, Alan is responsible for overseeing Aruba’s vertical go-to-market messaging and sales enablement efforts across key industries including education, healthcare, finance, retail and general enterprise. He joined Aruba in 2014 from Goldman Sachs where he was Vice President of Technology Infrastructure for the firm’s mobile app development initiatives and worldwide mobility infrastructure.

Darlene Pope is EVP and Global Practice Lead for JLL's Smart Building Program, focusing on driving value to clients through the integration of intelligent building systems and smart workplace applications. She has 25 years of experience in commercial real estate, technology, and smart building solutions.

As Head of Global Workplace Engineering, Victor Sanchez manages over 40+ LinkedIn facilities across the globe. He seamlessly blends design and operations of LinkedIn facilities via data-driven decisions across design pre-construction, construction, energy and facilities management. Victor is responsible for the engaging and high-performance workplace that supports the diverse and dynamic LinkedIn teams and culture.

Ross Guttler leads Delos strategy for Fortune 500s and institutional investors, owners and landlords. Delos, a wellness real estate and technology firm, is both a user and investor in Proptech, as they focus on optimizing the built environment for the health of those inside. Ross considers it a personal mission to shift the way we view our offices and homes – instead using real estate as a delivery vehicle for positive health outcomes.

David is the Sustainability Manager for Mirvac’s $9 billion investment portfolio. He leads a team of in-house sustainability professionals who are responsible for the delivery of Mirvac’s This Changes Everything sustainability strategy across the Office, Industrial and Retail portfolios.

At the helm of Telecine as technical director for 22 years, Stéphane Bastien is an autodidact who masters the different information and communication technologies. He has over 30 years of experience in the audiovisual and information technology, including video compression, graphic design and animation. Trainer, communicator and passionate, he provides outstanding technical assistance in Telecine since 1996 and participates in the design and integration of leading digital display systems all over the world.

Clayton Broemsen is VP of IT Infrastructure for Cousins Properties, a REIT based in Atlanta, GA. He is responsible for all aspects of Cousins’ IT Infrastructure as it applies to the Corporate Office and Property Infrastructure including Networks, End User Devices, Security, Data Centers and Disaster Recovery.

Robert Entin is currently EVP and CIO for Vornado Realty Trust, one of the nation's largest real estate investment trusts. Mr. Entin had founded Integrated Business Systems, Inc. in 1979 combining technical engineering expertise with accounting and property management experience to provide turnkey technology solutions for the real estate industry. He currently serves as an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University where he teaches a master’s course in IT & The Real Estate Enterprise.

John Gilbert is the EVP, COO and CTO of Rudin Management Company, which owns and operates 15 million feet of commercial and residential space within the City of New York. John is Chairman of the New York Building Congress Energy Committee and has served on several of Mayor Bloomberg's Advisory Committees, including the Mayor's Energy Policy and Sustainability Task Force, and the Advisory Committee for Broadband Deployment. John also is a member of the New York City Green Codes Task Force: Industry Advisory Committee, Green Light New York, New York City Investment Fund's Cleantech Sector Group and the Mayor's Clean Heat Advisory Task Force. He is a Board Member of both the Grand Central Partnership and Saratoga Performing Arts Center (SPAC) and a Trustee of the New York Hall of Science.

Lachlan MacQuarrie oversees the service side of Oxford’s operations platform across 5 asset classes in Canada including Smart & Connected, and Cyber Security. He has more than 20 years of experience in the real estate industry, primarily in Asset / Operations Mgmt, Development and Investments.

Kent Tarrach is the VP of Global Corporate Development for Brookfield Properties. Kent is responsible for developing, managing, and strengthening Brookfield’s relationships with its largest customers and creating strategic partnerships which are complementary to Brookfield’s operations. He reviews new technologies and other innovative business practices emerging within the real estate industry and determining how they can best be leveraged by Brookfield’s portfolio. Kent additionally advances strategies to improve the collection and analysis of data being created by Brookfield’s real estate to generate additional revenue, increase operational efficiencies and otherwise enhance portfolio value.

With over 25 years of Building Automation Control Systems and integration design experience; Jon has consulted to major building portfolio owners and HVAC manufacturers with a focus on energy reduction strategies and is the Controls Group National Manager at Norman Disney & Young in Sydney Australia.

Janine Davison is a global strategist and business development professional at Intel Corporation. She is responsible for ecosystem development and go to market strategy in the Smart Buildings IoT vertical. With over 20 years of experience, Janine’s had multi-facetted success at transforming new and underdeveloped concepts into revenue generating products and services.

Lachlan MacQuarrie oversees the service side of Oxford’s operations platform across 5 asset classes in Canada including Smart & Connected, and Cyber Security. He has more than 20 years of experience in the real estate industry, primarily in Asset / Operations Mgmt, Development and Investments.

Park Wong is VP, IT of Oxford Properties. He is responsible for providing IT vision, strategy and leadership while partnering with the business leaders in leading and driving both traditional IT services as well as proactively proposing innovative solutions to solve increasingly scalable business needs.

Stephen Adams has over twenty five years’ experience in the management of A Class office buildings and Regional Shopping Centers. He is responsible for a downtown mixed use portfolio consisting of class A office buildings and high end retail sites located in Toronto.

John Dulin is a 30-year global telecom and enterprise executive and has held senior positions in product management, marketing and sales in the areas of fiber optics, wireless and new technology development. Currently with Corning, John is focused on introducing its fiber optic and wireless innovations to the commercial real estate market.

Dr. Hari Gunasingham is founder of Eutech Cybernetic. His expertise is in the field of Analytical Science, Cybernetics and Control Systems. He is a recipient of numerous awards including the Singapore National Young Scientist and Engineer Award in 1988; EDN Asia, Innovator Award in 1996 and an Award of Recognition by the Canadian Prime Minister also in 1996 for his contributions to science and technology. More recently, Dr Gunasingham has been involved in the implementation of smart building and workplace solutions and has received recognition for this work from Realcomm.

James Peterson is Head of Asset Management & Operations for Lend Lease, a leading international property and infrastructure group with operations in Australia, Asia, Europe and the Americas. James manages the development, design and construction teams and to ensure the future operational requirements for the precinct are incorporated in a way that delivers ongoing best practice and operating cost and management efficiencies.

Casey Talon is a principal research analyst with Navigant Research, contributing to the Building Innovations program. With a background in economics, environmental science, and policy, she has deep experience as an analyst and consultant in the building technology sector. Prior to joining Navigant, Casey worked with both public and private sector clients as an analyst and consultant focused on energy efficiency, building technologies, sustainability and climate change.

Ray Congdon is a Senior Director, Engineering at CBRE leading technical services for the Americas, supported by a team of fifteen technical subject matter experts. As part of the CBRE – Technical Services group, Ray is responsible to lead and support account service delivery, business development and provide technical subject matter expertise to all accounts in North America.

Maureen Ehrenberg currently serves as Executive Managing Director of Integrated Facilities Management (IFM), Corporate Solutions for the Americas and Chair of its IFM Global Specialty Board. She is an internationally recognized expert in the facility management field, and provides strategic direction and expertise to a team of 8,000 who currently manage more than 760 million square feet of property in the Americas and provides leadership to the members of JLL’s Global IFM Board.

Focused on providing IoT solutions in the areas of Space Utilization, Facilities Operations, Utilities Management and Occupant Experience.

Paul Maximuk is Energy Manager for Ford Land Energy where he is currently is providing project and program technical guidance to implement global metering of electric, natural gas, steam, water and compressed air systems. He is an Energy Engineer with over 30 years of experience in the HVAC/BMS field. He is an SME specializing in building management and energy reduction. Paul has focused his efforts in large industrial facilities but also has equal expertise in Class A buildings. Additionally he is a problem solver finding the root cause of why mechanical systems do not operate at their peak efficiency.

Deb Noller is the dynamic CEO and co-founder of Switch Automation, a smart building software company specializing in building performance optimization. With 20+ years of experience in real estate, technology and sustainability, she is passionate about helping enterprises leverage next generation facilities management technology to execute more efficient business operations.

As part of the IBN Technologies team, Art King leads the development of enterprise services definitions and business case propositions for customers and partners. He is Vice Chair of the Services Working Group in the Small Cell Forum. Art came to Corning via the SpiderCloud Wireless acquisition and was formerly a lead in IT architecture and operations for Nike Inc. where he held various global roles over 10 years.

Doug Wiest has over 30 years of experience in telecom, fiber and wireless networks and tower companies. Previously, he has held senior management positions at leading telecom companies such as American Tower, Nextel, EdgeConneX and others.

David Charney is the Global COO of Stealth Monitoring and UCIT online security, a proactive live video surveillance company based in Dallas, TX. He has helped grow the company into a North American market leader servicing large real estate companies. Stealth Monitoring prevents crimes or theft in real time by employing 500+ people and analytic technology to watch over 18,000 cameras every night leading to 500+ police apprehensions per year.

Andrew Jimenez has over 25 years experience in the fields of telecommunications testing and product certification. Currently, his primary responsibilities include the management of the day-to-day operations of Anixter's Infrastructure Solutions Lab and Solutions Briefing Centers, standards development, and product research.

Jonathan Poon is the Director of Building Technology at CBL Properties. He oversees the engineering, design, integration, and the ongoing operational services associated with each building technology initiative implemented. A few focus areas include ensuring CBL positions its properties to meet the growing building technology demand for tenant data and voice services, enhancements to consumer experiences through the use of technology, implementation of security systems, and developing technology solutions that have revenue potential for CBL.

Derek Cowburn is the CEO and founder of LumenCache. Having a knack for creating, he graduated with a mechanical engineering degree which led him to build facility management systems for large pharmaceutical campuses. Derek's love for innovating led to over 17 years of experience in commercial and industrial automation engineering and IT application development and over five years of experience in residential custom electronics design and Integrated Smart Home Systems. After years of experience, Derek has built his forte in Product Development consulting, Integrated Smart Home Systems, Energy Management Systems, Residential and Commercial Audio/Video, security, access control, lighting control systems, and insightful engineering and design.

John Hess is Executive Director of Engineering for Las Vegas Sands Corp. (LVSC). He is involved in specifying engineering design and optimization of building infrastructure of LVSC’s over 50 million SF of integrated resorts worldwide. A particular focus is high performance DDC control systems to minimize utility consumption and cost, achieve aggressive sustainability performance targets, maximize occupant comfort and minimize maintenance burden on facilities’ technicians.

Dave Hollander is the Director of Marketing at the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). Dave has more than 12 years of experience in B2B and B2C communications, and has spent the last eight years spearheading technology marketing strategies. His team is dedicated to raising the awareness and understanding of the rapidly expanding capabilities of Bluetooth technology and its leading role as a key enabler in the Internet of Things.

As President of ESD, Kurt Karnatz leads the firm by fostering a collaborative culture of global thinkers who are known for their innovative and performance-based approach in the creation of highly integrated and optimized sustainable solutions for the built environment. In his 30 years of experience at ESD as both a leader and engineer, Kurt has helped develop the company into a world recognized and globally sought practice.

Chris Smith is the Director of Sales for Office and Industry Systems & Services Sales at Philips Lighting. Chris delivers solutions for global clients so they may achieve their smart building goals with connected lighting technologies and LaaS. In the last several years, Chris has been responsible for leading both hardware and software business development efforts for access control and connected building applications in the commercial real estate, multifamily and single family verticals for Ingersoll Rand, Allegion and now Signify.

Stephan Cloitre joined JLL in 2016 as the Executive Vice President and Senior Director of Technology Solutions. Stephan establishes the strategic visions for the division, including product strategies, service methodologies, and establishes performance expectations for individuals and practices within his division. He works with practice leads to ensure projects are delivered on-time and on-budget and that customer expectations are exceeded. Stephan provides mentorship and guidance to his team members, including identifying creative solutions to unique business requirements.

As a Senior Strategist for Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company, Chris Fine is focused on Aruba’s Smart Digital Workplace initiative. The Smart Digital Workplace combines Aruba’s industry-leading networking technology and a growing ecosystem of partners in technology, real estate, smart furniture, and other specialties, to drive the growth of new experiences for end users and managers in the next gen Smart Office.

Brian Schwartz is responsible for Smart Building Infrastructure at over 50 centers portflio wide. He oversees the installation and support for CCTV, Wi-Fi, Energy Management, shopper counting, and DAS. Brian supports digital marketing initiatives including digital signage and property websites.

Youri Wildeman is driving global business development at Lone Rooftop, a leader in the Intelligent Building space. His focus is on achieving the ultimate scalability and global growth of their Platform PIE - Position Intelligence Engine - and the smart building apps that are powered by PIE. An important part of this role is the development of a robust partner ecosystem to deliver most value to their customers, which include many large enterprises and Fortune 500s.

A professional engineer, Aaron has over 15 years of experience working with building systems as a design and commissioning engineer. His career has focused primarily on high performing buildings, finding cost effective solutions for implementing energy efficiency and advanced technologies to reduce energy costs related to building operation. Aaron leads the Agnes Energy engineering team and brings his extensive knowledge of energy-efficiency solutions for a wide variety of buildings, and passion for improving building performance.

Matt Eggers is currently VP, Yardi Energy where he leads the development of software for energy management and high performing buildings at Yardi. He has extensive experience in leading teams to record sales and growing operations and market share.

John Hess is Executive Director of Engineering for Las Vegas Sands Corp. (LVSC). He is involved in specifying engineering design and optimization of building infrastructure of LVSC’s over 50 million SF of integrated resorts worldwide. A particular focus is high performance DDC control systems to minimize utility consumption and cost, achieve aggressive sustainability performance targets, maximize occupant comfort and minimize maintenance burden on facilities’ technicians.

Aaron Brondum leads the operations and customer success teams with over 18 years of experience in real estate and technology. Using his experience in energy management, Aaron’s team ensures client on-boarding and success, drives product direction for energy optimization, and builds new implementation strategies for clients, partners, and vendors.

Ian LaHiff is the Energy Project Manager at the City of Orlando. Leading a team of construction managers and controls specialists, he identifies and implements energy-efficiency upgrades throughout the City's building portfolio. Ian has more than ten years of design and construction experience with a focus on sustainability and most recently held a fellowship working at the U.S. Department of Energy before joining the Orlando Green Works team in 2013.

Will Agate founded NetZero Microgrid Solutions and currently serves as its President. Leading NetZero represents the culmination of his 25+ year career in energy management, economic and real estate development, and smart city sustainability and change management. Previously, Will led the effort turn the Philadelphia Navy Yard one of the most successful military base redevelopments in the country with more than 12,000 employees and 152 companies in over 7.5 million square feet of office, industrial, manufacturing and R&D space.

Mike Hess, PE, LEED Fellow, leads Panasonic’s Smart & Sustainable Buildings team, and also supports their CityNOW initiatives for smart and sustainable cities. He provides up front sustainability, energy and technology consulting for Panasonic’s smart city projects, including analysis of utilizing autonomous shuttles.

Bryan Huber serves as the COO of CleanSpark a San Diego based technology company whose services enable large power users to meet their objectives for utility cost savings, greenhouse gas reductions, and energy security while also unlocking revenue potential that boosts Net Operating Income and Net Asset Value for property owners. Bryan’s background includes executive positions spanning feasibility, design, finance, implementation, and operational stages of complex power projects.

Steve Pullins is VP of Development for Dynamic Energy Networks (“DEN”) and has more than 40 years of utility industry experience in operations, maintenance, engineering, microgrids, and renewables project development. He has worked with more than 20 utilities in Smart Grid strategies, renewables strategies, power system optimization and microgrids.

Marina Sofos manages the Building Technologies Office’s R&D portfolio in optimizing smart building operations through emerging sensor and control technologies at the U.S. Department of Energy. Her overall interest is in transforming the flexibility of the built environment to enable the modernization of the electric grid through advancements in control strategies.

Dana bridges the gap between buildings and their occupants through fun initiatives that drive energy efficiency across LinkedIn’s global portfolio. With over six years of experience in corporate sustainability at both startups and large corporations, Dana understands the crucial role that business plays in addressing climate change. She is excited about how technology is transforming the built environment, and looks for opportunities to scale innovation and to help LinkedIn and others achieve audacious sustainability goals.

As Head of Global Workplace Engineering, Victor Sanchez manages over 40+ LinkedIn facilities across the globe. He seamlessly blends design and operations of LinkedIn facilities via data-driven decisions across design pre-construction, construction, energy and facilities management. Victor is responsible for the engaging and high-performance workplace that supports the diverse and dynamic LinkedIn teams and culture.

Stanton Stafford is the Managing Principal of Integral Consulting Engineering, the Atlanta Studio of Integral Group. Recognized as a green building leader in Atlanta, Stanton’s three+ years with Integral have focused on pushing design beyond conventional boundaries while working with clients from IDEAS-to-IMPLEMENTATION-to-IMPACT to drive value through integrated systems thinking. Stanton’s team recently delivered the first LEED Core & Shell Platinum building (NCR Headquarters) and first Net Zero Energy / Net Zero Water commercial building (Beltline Urban Barn) in Georgia.

Vani Desai has over ten years of experience in system architecture design and works in the Industrial Solutions Division within Intel’s Internet of Things Group. She is solution architect of Intel's Building Management Platform and focused on building data standardization and connecting siloed BMS systems.

Vicinity Centres is one of Australia’s leading retail property owners and operators with a portfolio of more than 80 shopping centres and $26 billion in assets under management. Justin Mills, in his role as EGM Shopping Centres, manages shopping centre operations and alternative income streams across the portfolio and leads a national team driving innovation. Vicinity’s recent trials in new technology include robotics and automated cleaning, waste disposal systems, and a large-scale battery as part of the recently announced record investment in shopping centre solar.

Vladi Shuntorov is Lucid's President and Cofounder. Vladi led Lucid's early product and engineering teams and has driven the evolution of the company from its inception in 2004 to the launch of BuildingOS. A recipient of awards from U.S. EPA and Cleantech Open, Vladi has dozens of widely cited publications in the field and has delivered many distinguished presentations, including at TEDx. Vladi helped pioneer groundbreaking research in commercial building monitoring systems and realtime feedback technology.

Leon Wurfel is the CEO of BUENO. Leon founded BUENO in partnership with Airmaster Australia with the aim of utilising current and emerging technologies to drive innovative sustainability and operations solutions.

Brad Klenz is Principal IoT Analytics Architect at SAS. His responsibilities include the design and integration of analytics required by SAS’ IoT solutions. His recent projects include the use of machine learning for energy and operational efficiency in smart building environments, and real-time streaming analytics for event identification on the power grid.

With sixteen years experience in software, scientific and environmental verticals, plus a background that includes environmental monitoring and renewable energy projects, Keith La Rose leads the business development charge at CopperTree Analytics. He focuses on energy management software solutions for companies seeking to create operational efficiencies, reduce their buildings' energy consumption and enhance their bottom lines.

Sonu Panda develops and executes Prescriptive Data’s business and technology strategy, and oversees all functions within the company, including sales, business development, marketing, customer on-boarding and success, engineering, talent management, finance and administrative operations. Prior to Prescriptive Data, Panda most recently served as the co-founder and COO of H.Bloom, a B2B marketplace company, where he developed the company’s operational model, established both product/technology development and process engineering efforts, and managed day-to- day business operations

Dr. Hari Gunasingham is founder of Eutech Cybernetic. His expertise is in the field of Analytical Science, Cybernetics and Control Systems. He is a recipient of numerous awards including the Singapore National Young Scientist and Engineer Award in 1988; EDN Asia, Innovator Award in 1996 and an Award of Recognition by the Canadian Prime Minister also in 1996 for his contributions to science and technology. More recently, Dr Gunasingham has been involved in the implementation of smart building and workplace solutions and has received recognition for this work from Realcomm.

An impassioned architect, urbanist and entrepreneur, Michael has founded and led high-growth companies in the US and Asia for more than two decades. In 2010, Michael assumed the helm at Cityzenith as CEO and embarked on his personal mission to transform life in cities around the globe.

Joshua Ridley is the CEO and Co-Founder of Willow. With deep experience in both the property and infrastructure industries he has established a world leading Digital Enterprise for the delivery and operation of real assets. He believes that a new category of business is coming to the built environment that will revolutionise our world - the Digital Twin - and is relentless in his efforts to push the boundaries and bring cutting edge new technology to our industry.

Rick Rolston is the Co-Founder/CEO of BuiltSpace Technologies Corp. Over the past 30 years, Rick has been at the technology forefront in construction/facilities information services. He is focused on digitizing business processes within the built environment and to transform facilities management. As founder and CTO of Ingenium Technologies, Rick built one of the very first software-as-a-service platforms, partnering with McGraw Hill Construction to put millions of Dodge construction reports on the web, growing the platform to house over 2 million buildings, supporting 40,000+ users.

Eric Anctil is a professor of media and technology in the School of Education at the University of Portland. His work broadly focuses on the relationship between humans and their machines and giving people a line of sight into the hidden ways that technology is quietly shaping their behaviors, decisions, and actions.

Andrew Sutton is a commercial real estate and cybersecurity senior associate attorney at Brown Rudnick LLP in Boston, Massachusetts. Andrew regularly advises commercial real estate clients on all manners of complex commercial real estate transactions, land use and property development, as well as matters involving cybersecurity, privacy, smart cities and other issues related to emerging technologies and commercial real estate.

Damien Wu is CIO of Link Asset Management Limited, currently Asia’s largest REIT. He is responsible for the formulation and management of its information technology strategy and functions. Damien has over 20 years of IT management, IT consulting and IT Startup experiences.

Ian Feagin is currently the Director of Information Technology at Jamestown, a national, vertically integrated real estate operator with approximately $11.2 billion of assets under management. Previously, Ian was Director of Technical Support at Leapfrog for 14 years where he was responsible for providing technical services to over 10,000 users worldwide with a staff of 65 technicians.

Kevin Smith is the CTO of Tridium, providing technology strategy and direction. The author of seven technology books on the subjects of cybersecurity, semantic interoperability, and software engineering, he is a frequent speaker at industry conferences on various topics, including a focus on cybersecurity and building control systems. For more than 25 years, Kevin has led technology organizations and endeavored to develop highly secure, data-focused software solutions for a wide variety of customers, including both US government and commercial industry.

Greg Walker is an accomplished research and business operations professional with many years of experience in science research and strategic business planning for non-profit and Fortune 500 companies. His skill set ares: biomedical science and building science research, project management, financial forecasting, sales and marketing, contract negotiations, and personnel management.